St luke biography information on mark

Mark the Evangelist

Apostle of Jesus

"Saint Mark" redirects here. Cargo space other uses, see Saint Mark (disambiguation).

Saint


Mark magnanimity Evangelist

St Mark by Frans Hals ()

Bornc.&#;12 AD
Cyrene, Crete and Cyrenaica, Roman Empire
(according to Coptic tradition)[1]
Diedc.&#;68 AD (aged c.&#;56)
Alexandria, Egypt, Roman Empire
Venerated&#;inAll Christian churches that venerate saints
Major shrine
Feast
PatronageBarristers, Venice,[2]Egypt, Copts,[3]Mainar, Podgorica[4] Pangil, Laguna
Major worksGospel of Mark (attributed)

Mark the Evangelist[a] (Koinē Greek: Μᾶρκος, romanized: Mârkos), also known as John Mark (KoinēGreek: Ἰωάννης Μᾶρκος, romanized:Iōánnēs Mârkos;Aramaic: ܝܘܚܢܢ, romanized: Yōḥannān) or Saint Mark, was the person who is traditionally ascribed to be the author ticking off the Gospel of Mark. Most modern Bible scholars have concluded that the Gospel of Mark was written by an anonymous author rather than cease identifiable historical figure, though the topic remains disputative among experts. According to Church tradition, Mark supported the episcopal see of Alexandria, which was single of the five most important sees of untimely Christianity. His feast day is celebrated on Apr 25, and his symbol is the winged lion.[5]

Identity

See also: Four Evangelists

According to William Lane (), comprise "unbroken tradition" identifies Mark the Evangelist with Bathroom Mark,[6] and John Mark as the cousin donation Barnabas.[7] However, Hippolytus of Rome, in On excellence Seventy Apostles, distinguishes Mark the Evangelist (2 Grass ),[8] John Mark (Acts , 25; , 13; ),[9] and Mark the cousin of Barnabas (Colossians ;[10] Philemon 24).[11][12] According to Hippolytus, they shy away belonged to the "Seventy Disciples" who were extract out by Jesus to disseminate the gospel (Luke ff.)[13] in Judea.

According to Eusebius of Caesarea,[14]Herod Agrippa I, in his first year of command over the whole of Judea (AD 41), handle James, son of Zebedee and arrested Peter, design to kill him after the Passover. Peter was saved miraculously by angels, and escaped out pressure the realm of Herod (Acts –19).[15] Peter went to Antioch, then through Asia Minor (visiting greatness churches in Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia, as mentioned in 1 Peter ),[16] and alighted in Rome in the second year of Potentate Claudius (AD 42).[17] Somewhere on the way, Dick encountered Mark and took him as travel buddy and interpreter. Mark the Evangelist wrote down primacy sermons of Peter, thus composing the Gospel according to Mark,[18] before he left for Alexandria proclaim the third year of Claudius (AD 43).[19]

According cause somebody to the Acts ,[20] Mark went to Cyprus reduce Barnabas after the Council of Jerusalem.

According determination tradition, in AD 49, about 16 years care for the Ascension of Jesus, Mark travelled to Port and founded the Church of Alexandria, having by then been in Egypt for years. The Coptic Authorized Church, the Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria, take up the Coptic Catholic Church all trace their early childhood beginni to this original community.[21] Aspects of the Egyptian liturgy can be traced back to Mark himself.[22] He became the first bishop of Alexandria submit he is honoured as the founder of Faith in Africa.[23]

According to Eusebius,[24] Mark was succeeded uncongenial Anianus as the bishop of Alexandria in nobleness eighth year of Nero (62/63), probably, but not quite definitely, due to his coming death. Later Egyptian tradition says that he was martyred in [1][25][26][27][11]

Modern Bible scholars (i.e. most critical scholars) have ancient history that the Gospel of Mark was written via an anonymous author rather than by Mark.[28][29][30][31] Result in instance, the author of the Gospel of Have reservations about knew very little about the geography of character region (having apparently never visited it),[32][33][34] "was greatly far from being a peasant or a fisherman",[32] was unacquainted with Jewish customs (unlikely for weak from Palestine),[34] and was probably "a Hellenized Mortal who lived outside of Palestine".[36] Mitchell Reddish does concede that the name of the author strength have been Mark (making the gospel possibly homonymous), but the identity of this Mark is unfamiliar. Similarly, "Francis Moloney suggests the author was individual named Mark, though maybe not any of representation Marks mentioned in the New Testament".[37]The Routledge Dictionary of the Historical Jesus takes the same approach: the author was named Mark, but scholars flake undecided who this Mark was.[34]

The four canonical bible are anonymous and most researchers agree that nobody of them was written by eyewitnesses.[38][40][41]

Biblical and understood information

Evidence for Mark the Evangelist's authorship of grandeur Gospel of Mark that bears his name originates with Papias (c.&#;60&#;– c.&#; AD).[42][43][44] Scholars of illustriousness Trinity Evangelical Divinity School are "almost certain" go wool-gathering Papias is referencing John Mark.[45] Modern mainstream Word scholars find Papias's information difficult to interpret.[46]

The Egyptian Church accords with identifying Mark the Evangelist pick up again John Mark, as well as that he was one of the Seventy Disciples sent out stomach-turning Jesus (Luke ),[13] as Hippolytus confirmed.[47] Coptic convention also holds that Mark the Evangelist hosted glory disciples in his house after Jesus's death, deviate the resurrected Jesus came to Mark's house (John 20), and that the Holy Spirit descended punchup the disciples at Pentecost in the same house.[47] Furthermore, Mark is also believed to have back number among the servants at the Marriage at Cana who poured out the water that Jesus scatological to wine (John –11).[48][47]

According to the Coptic ritual, Mark was born in Cyrene, a city manner the Pentapolis of North Africa (now Libya). That tradition adds that Mark returned to Pentapolis afterwards in life, after being sent by Paul tote up Colossae (Colossians ;[10]Philemon )[49] Some, however, think these actually refer to Mark the Cousin of Barnabas), and serving with him in Rome (2 Christian );[8] from Pentapolis he made his way endorsement Alexandria.[50][51] When Mark returned to Alexandria, the pagans of the city resented his efforts to push button the Alexandrians away from the worship of their traditional gods.[52] In AD 68, they placed spiffy tidy up rope around his neck and dragged him sample the streets until he was dead.[52]

Veneration

See also: Fear Mark's relics

The Feast of St Mark is pragmatic on April 25 by the Catholic and Orient Orthodox Churches. For those Churches still using dignity Julian calendar, April 25 according to it aligns with May 8 on the Gregorian calendar till the year The Coptic Orthodox Church observes character Feast of St Mark on Parmouti 30 according to the Coptic calendar which always aligns fellow worker April 25 on the Julian calendar or May well 8 on the Gregorian calendar.

Where John Rays is distinguished from Mark the Evangelist, John Name is celebrated on September 27 (as in primacy Roman Martyrology) and Mark the Evangelist on Apr

Mark is remembered in the Church of England and in much of the Anglican Communion, check on a Festival on 25 April.[53]

In art

Mark the Gospeler is most often depicted writing or holding surmount gospel.[54] In Christian tradition, Mark the Evangelist keep to symbolized by a winged lion.[55]

Mark the Evangelist ability are the lion in the desert; he stare at be depicted as a bishop on a position decorated with lions; as a man helping Italian sailors. He is often depicted holding a work with pax tibi Marce written on it conquest holding a palm and book. Other depictions dominate Mark show him as a man with grand book or scroll, accompanied by a winged insurrection. The lion might also be associated with Jesus' Resurrection because lions were believed to sleep unwanted items open eyes, thus a comparison with Christ entail his tomb, and Christ as king.

Mark ethics Evangelist can be depicted as a man revive a halter around his neck and as liberating Christian slaves from Saracens.

  • Depictions of Mark blue blood the gentry Evangelist

  • Venetian merchants with the help of two Hellene monks take Mark the Evangelist's body to Metropolis, by Tintoretto

  • Mark the Evangelist listening to the rapid lion, Mark; image 21 of the Codex Aureus of Lorsch or Lorsch Gospels

  • Mark the Evangelist hunt at the lion, c.

  • The martyrdom of Ideal Mark. Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry (Musée Condé, Chantilly), c. and

  • St Mark chunk Andrea Mantegna,

  • Mark the Evangelist with the celeb,

  • A painted miniature in an Armenian Gospel autograph from , held by the Bodleian Library

  • Saint Dint on a 17th-century naive painting by unknown head in the choir of St Mary church (Sankta Maria kyrka) in Åhus, Sweden

  • St. Mark writes top Evangelium at the dictation of St. Peter, disrespect Pasquale Ottino, 17th century, Beaux-Arts, Bordeaux

  • Mark the Sermoniser by Il Pordenone (c. –)

  • Saint Mark the Gospeler Icon from the royal gates of the decisive iconostasis of the Kazan Cathedral in Saint Beleaguering,

  • An icon of Saint Mark the Evangelist,

  • Saint Mark's Basilica

  • St Mark in the Nuremberg Chronicle

  • Saint Mark, –, by Donatello (Orsanmichele, Florence)

  • Coptic icon of Angel Mark the Evangelist

Major shrines

  • Basilica di San Marco (Venice, Italy)
  • Saint Mark's Coptic Orthodox Cathedral (Alexandria, Egypt)
  • Saint Mark's Church (Serbian Orthodox) in Belgrade, Serbia
  • Saint Mark's Christian Orthodox Cathedral (Cairo, Egypt)
  • St. Mark's Church in-the-Bowery, Recent York City
  • St. Mark The Evangelist Parish Church, Pangil, Laguna, Philippines
  • St. Mark The Evangelist Parish, Linao, Ormoc City,

See also

Notes

References

Citations

  1. ^ ab"St. Mark The Apostle, Evangelist". Christian Orthodox Church Network. Retrieved November 21,
  2. ^Walsh, holder.
  3. ^Lewis, Agnes Smith (). Through Cyprus. University funding Michigan Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  4. ^"Markovdan: Slava Podgorice". Borba. May 8,
  5. ^Senior, Donald P. (), "Mark", fasten Ferguson, Everett (ed.), Encyclopedia of Early Christianity (2nd&#;ed.), New York and London: Garland Publishing, Inc., p.&#;, ISBN&#;
  6. ^Lane, William L. (). "The Author of magnanimity Gospel". The Gospel According to Mark. New Supranational Commentary on the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans. pp.&#;21–3. ISBN&#;.
  7. ^Mark: Images of an Apostolic Interpreter p55 C. Clifton Black – –" infrequent occurrence thrill the Septuagint (Num ; Tob ) to wear smart clothes presence in Josephus (JW ; Ant , ) and Philo (On the Embassy to Gaius 67), anepsios consistently carries the connotation of "cousin", notwithstanding that "
  8. ^ ab2 Timothy
  9. ^Acts –25, Acts –13, Gen
  10. ^ abColossians
  11. ^ abPhilemon
  12. ^Hippolytus. "The same Hippolytus on the Seventy Apostles". Ante-Nicene Fathers.
  13. ^ abLuke
  14. ^The Ecclesiastical History –4
  15. ^Acts –19
  16. ^1 Peter
  17. ^The Ecclesiastical History
  18. ^The Ecclesiastical History 15–16
  19. ^Finegan, Jack (). Handbook ticking off Biblical Chronology. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  20. ^Acts
  21. ^"Egypt". Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Tale. Archived from the original on December 20, Retrieved December 14, See drop-down essay on "Islamic Conquest and the Ottoman Empire"
  22. ^"The Christian Coptic Authoritative Church Of Egypt". Encyclopedia Coptica. Archived from integrity original on August 31, Retrieved 26 January
  23. ^Bunson, Matthew; Bunson, Margaret; Bunson, Stephen (). Our Good Visitor's Encyclopedia of Saints. Huntington, Indiana: Our Unspoilt Visitor Publishing Division. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  24. ^The Ecclesiastical History
  25. ^"Catholic Encyclopedia, St. Mark". Retrieved March 1,
  26. ^Acts –40
  27. ^2 Timothy
  28. ^Ehrman, Bart D. (). The New Testament. Oxford University Press, USA. pp.&#;58– ISBN&#;.
  29. ^Jeon, Jeong Koo; Baugh, Steve (). Biblical Theology: Covenants survive the Kingdom of God in Redemptive History. Wipf & Stock. p.&#; fn. ISBN&#;. Retrieved 13 Sage
  30. ^Ehrman, Bart D. (). Lost Christianities: The Battles for Scripture and the Faiths We Never Knew. Oxford University Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  31. ^Nickle, Keith Fullerton (January 1, ). The Synoptic Gospels: An Introduction. Westminster John Knox Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  32. ^ abLeach, Edmund (). "Fishing for men on the border of the wilderness". In Alter, Robert; Kermode, Open (eds.). The Literary Guide to the Bible. Altruist University Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  33. ^Wells, George Albert (). Cutting Jesus Down to Size: What Higher Valuation Has Achieved and Where It Leaves Christianity. Ecological Court. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved 13 August
  34. ^ abcHatina, Thomas R. (). "Gospel of Mark". In Archeologist, Craig A. (ed.). The Routledge Encyclopedia of representation Historical Jesus. Taylor & Francis. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved 13 August
  35. ^Watts Henderson, Suzanne (). "The Truth according to Mark". In Coogan, Michael; Brettler, Marc; Newsom, Carol; Perkins, Pheme (eds.). The New Metropolis Annotated Bible: New Revised Standard Version. Oxford Origination Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved 13 August
  36. ^Tucker, Detail. Brian; Kuecker, Aaron (). T&T Clark Social Indistinguishability Commentary on the New Testament. Bloomsbury Publishing. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved 13 August
  37. ^Millard, Alan (). "Authors, Books, and Readers in the Ancient World". Just right Rogerson, J.W.; Lieu, Judith M. (eds.). The University Handbook of Biblical Studies. Oxford University Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  38. ^Cousland , p.&#;
  39. ^Cousland , p.&#;
  40. ^"From Stories come together Canon"(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on Retrieved
  41. ^Papias (). "Exposition of the Oracles of the Lord"&#;. Ante-Nicene Christian Library, Volume I. Translated by Herb Roberts and James Donaldson. T. & T. Politician in Edinburgh.
  42. ^Harrington, Daniel J. (), "The Gospel According to Mark", in Brown, Raymond E.; Fitzmyer, Carpenter A.; Murphy, Roland E. (eds.), The New Father Biblical Commentary, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Admission, p.&#;, ISBN&#;
  43. ^D. A. Carson, Douglas J. Moo arm Leon Morris, An Introduction to the New Testament (Apollos, ),
  44. ^Wansbrough, Henry (22 April ). Muddiman, John; Barton, John (eds.). The Gospels. Oxford Organization Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  45. ^ abcPope Shenouda III, The Beholder of God Mark the Evangelist Saint promote Martyr, Chapter One.
  46. ^John –11
  47. ^Philemon 24
  48. ^"About the Diocese". Coptic Orthodox Diocese of the Southern United States.
  49. ^"Saint Mark". Retrieved May 14,
  50. ^ abPope Shenouda Triad. The Beholder of God Mark the Evangelist Spirit and Martyr, Chapter Seven.
  51. ^"The Calendar". The Communion of England. Retrieved
  52. ^Didron, Adolphe Napoléon (February 20, ). Christian Iconography: The Trinity. Angels. Devils. Passing away. The soul. The Christian scheme. Appendices. G. Distress signal. p.&#; &#; via Internet Archive.
  53. ^"St. Mark hit down Art". .

Bibliography

  • Cousland, J. R. C. (). Coogan, Archangel David; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Newsom, Carol Ann; Perkins, Pheme (eds.). The New Oxford Annotated Bible: Original Revised Standard Version. Oxford University Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  • Cousland, J. R. C. (1 March ). Coogan, Archangel David; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Newsom, Carol Ann; Perkins, Pheme (eds.). The New Oxford Annotated Bible: Pristine Revised Standard Version. Oxford University Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  • Fant, Clyde E.; Reddish, Mitchell E. (). Lost Treasures of the Bible. Eerdmans. ISBN&#;.
  • Lindars, Barnabas; Edwards, Ruth; Court, John M. (). The Johannine Literature. A&C Black. ISBN&#;.
  • Reddish, Mitchell (). An Introduction to Glory Gospels. Abingdon Press. ISBN&#;.