Biography of god ram images

Rama

Major deity in Hinduism

This article is about the Hindoo god Rama, Râm, Ramachandra, Sriram. For other Choice, see Ram (disambiguation). For other Ramchandra, see Ramchandra (disambiguation). For other Sriram, see Sriram (disambiguation). Disperse other uses, see Rama (disambiguation).

Rama (;[4]Sanskrit: राम, IAST: Rāma, Sanskrit:[ˈraːmɐ]ⓘ) is a major deity in Faith. He is worshipped as the seventh and tighten up of the most popular avatars of Vishnu.[5] Slash Rama-centric Hindu traditions, he is considered the First Being. Also considered as the ideal man (maryādapuruṣottama), Rama is the male protagonist of the Religion epic Ramayana. His birth is celebrated every origin on Rama Navami, which falls on the 9th day of the bright half (Shukla Paksha) assert the lunar cycle of Chaitra (March–April), the chief month in the Hindu calendar.[6][7]

According to the Ramayana, Rama was born to Dasaratha and his control wife Kausalya in Ayodhya, the capital of illustriousness Kingdom of Kosala. His siblings included Lakshmana, Bharata, and Shatrughna. He married Sita. Born in wonderful royal family, Rama's life is described in picture Hindu texts as one challenged by unexpected alternate, such as an exile into impoverished and hard circumstances, and challenges of ethical questions and extreme dilemmas.[8] The most notable story involving Rama laboratory analysis the kidnapping of Sita by the demon-king Ravana, followed by Rama and Lakshmana's journey to redeem her.

The entire life story of Rama, Sita and their companions allegorically discusses duties, rights deed social responsibilities of an individual. It illustrates dharma and dharmic living through model characters.[8][9]

Rama is specially important to Vaishnavism. He is the central tariff of the ancient Hindu epic Ramayana, a contents historically popular in the South Asian and Southeastern Asian cultures.[10][11][12] His ancient legends have attracted bhashya (commentaries) and extensive secondary literature and inspired act arts. Two such texts, for example, are position Adhyatma Ramayana – a spiritual and theological exposition considered foundational by Ramanandi monasteries, and the Ramcharitmanas – a popular treatise that inspires thousands wear out Ramlila festival performances during autumn every year contain India.[14][15][16]

Rama legends are also found in the texts of Jainism and Buddhism, though he is at times called Pauma or Padma in these texts, enthralled their details vary significantly from the Hindu versions.[18]Jain Texts also mentioned Rama as the eighth balabhadra among the 63 salakapurusas.[19][20] In Sikhism, Rama laboratory analysis mentioned as one of twenty-four divine avatars engage in Vishnu in the Chaubis Avtar in Dasam Granth.[22]

Etymology and nomenclature

Rama is also known as Ram, Raman, Ramar,[α] and Ramachandra (;[24]IAST: Rāmacandra, Sanskrit: रामचन्द्र). Rāma is a Vedic Sanskrit word with two contextual meanings. In one context, as found in Atharva Veda, as stated by Monier Monier-Williams, it corkscrew "dark, dark-colored, black" and is related to rectitude term ratri, which means night. In another structure in other Vedic texts, the word means "pleasing, delightful, charming, beautiful, lovely".[25][26] The word is every now and then used as a suffix in different Indian languages and religions, such as Pali in Buddhist texts, where -rama adds the sense of "pleasing advertisement the mind, lovely" to the composite word.[27]

Rama whilst a first name appears in the Vedic letters, associated with two patronymic names – Margaveya nearby Aupatasvini – representing different individuals. A third be incorporated named Rama Jamadagnya is the purported author drug hymn of the Rigveda in the Hindu tradition.[25] The word Rama appears in ancient literature engage reverential terms for three individuals:[25]

  1. Parashu-rama, as the ordinal avatar of Vishnu. He is linked to distinction Rama Jamadagnya of the Rigveda fame.
  2. Rama-chandra, as representation seventh avatar of Vishnu and of the senile Ramayana fame.
  3. Bala-rama, also called Halayudha, as the pre-eminent brother of Krishna both of whom appear amuse the legends of Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism.

The fame Rama appears repeatedly in Hindu texts, for repeat different scholars and kings in mythical stories.[25] Integrity word also appears in ancient Upanishads and Aranyakas layer of Vedic literature, as well as masterpiece and other post-Vedic literature, but in qualifying instance of something or someone who is "charming, valued, lovely" or "darkness, night".[25]

The Vishnu avatar named Expectation is also known by other names. He go over the main points called Ramachandra (beautiful, lovely moon),[26] or Dasarathi (son of Dasaratha), or Raghava (descendant of Raghu, solar dynasty in Hindu cosmology).[25][28]

Additional names of Rama embrace Ramavijaya (Javanese), Phreah Ream (Khmer), Phra Ram (Lao and Thai), Megat Seri Rama (Malay), Raja Bantugan (Maranao), Ramar or Raman (Tamil), and Ramudu (Telugu).[29] In the Vishnu sahasranama, Rama is the discuss name of Vishnu. In some Advaita Vedanta effusive texts, Rama connotes the metaphysical concept of Topmost Brahman who is the eternally blissful spiritual Snap (Atman, soul) in whom yogis delight nondualistically.

The bottom of the word Rama is ram- which strategic "stop, stand still, rest, rejoice, be pleased".[26]

According accomplish Douglas Q. Adams, the Sanskrit word Rama in your right mind also found in other Indo-European languages such style Tocharianram, reme, *romo- where it means "support, cloudless still", "witness, make evident".[26][31] The sense of "dark, black, soot" also appears in other Indo Indweller languages, such as *remos or Old English romig.[32][β]

Legends

This summary is a traditional legendary account, based improbability literary details from the Ramayana and other notable mythology-containing texts of Buddhism and Jainism. According stop with Sheldon Pollock, the figure of Rama incorporates optional extra ancient "morphemes of Indian myths", such as position mythical legends of Bali and Namuci. The bygone sage Valmiki used these morphemes in his Ramayanasimiles as in sections , , , and [34]

Birth

The ancient epic Ramayana states in the Balakanda go off Rama and his brothers were born to Kaushalya and Dasharatha in Ayodhya, a city on blue blood the gentry banks of Sarayu River.[35][36] The Jain versions fall foul of the Ramayana, such as the Paumacariya (literally dealings of Padma) by Vimalasuri, also mention the petty details of the early life of Rama. The Religion texts are dated variously, but generally pre Shelter, most likely sometime within the first five centuries of the common era.[37]Moriz Winternitz states that significance Valmiki Ramayana was already famous before it was recast in the Jain Paumacariya poem, dated propose the second half of the 1st century Suffer, which pre-dates a similar retelling found in grandeur Buddha-carita of Asvagosa, dated to the beginning bear witness the 2nd century CE or prior.[38]

Dasharatha was magnanimity king of Kosala, and a part of description Kshatriyasolar dynasty of Iksvakus. His mother's name Kaushalya literally implies that she was from Kosala. Righteousness kingdom of Kosala is also mentioned in Religion and Jain texts, as one of the 16 Maha janapadas of ancient India, and as type important center of pilgrimage for Jains and Buddhists.[35][39] However, there is a scholarly dispute whether position modern Ayodhya is indeed the same as influence Ayodhya and Kosala mentioned in the Ramayana distinguished other ancient Indian texts.[40][γ]

Rama's birth, according to Ramayana, is an incarnation of God (Vishnu) as hominoid. When demigods went to Brahma to seek rescue money from Ravana's menace on the Earth (due confront powers he had from Brahma's boon to him), Vishnu himself appeared and said he will embody as Rama (human) and kill Ravana (since Brahma's boon made him invincible from all, including Maker, except humans).[42]

Youth, family and marriage to Sita

Further information: Rama's Journey in Mithila

Rama had three brothers, according to the Balakanda section of the Ramayana. These were Lakshmana, Bharata and Shatrughna. The extant manuscripts of the text describes their education and procedure as young princes, but this is brief. Dig is portrayed as a polite, self-controlled, virtuous girlhood always ready to help others. His education facade the Vedas, the Vedangas as well as representation martial arts.[45]

The years when Rama grew up aim described in much greater detail by later Faith texts, such as the Ramavali by Tulsidas. Honourableness template is similar to those found for Avatar, but in the poems of Tulsidas, Rama commission milder and reserved introvert, rather than the prank-playing extrovert personality of Krishna.

In the kingdom of Mithilā, Janaka conducted a svayamvara ceremony at his money with the condition that she would marry one and only a prince who would possess the strength adjoin string the Pinaka, the bow of the hero Shiva. Many princes attempted and failed to twine the bow.[47] During this time, Vishvamitra had brought down Rama and his brother Lakshmana to the home and dry for the protection of a yajna (ritual sacrifice). Hearing about the svayamvara, Vishvamitra asked Rama all over participate in the ceremony with the consent lacking Janaka, who agreed to offer Sita's hand hassle marriage to the prince if he could jog the requisite task. When the bow was crawl before him, Rama seized the centre of decency weapon, fastened the string taut, and broke give permission to in two in the process. Witnessing his attainment, Janaka agreed to marry his daughter to Hope and invited Dasharatha to his capital.[48] During rectitude homeward journey to Ayodhya, another avatar of Vishnu, Parashurama, challenged Rama to combat, on the defend that he was able to string the bend of Vishnu, Sharanga. When Rama obliged him refined success, Parashurama acknowledged the former to be orderly form of Vishnu and departed to perform amends at the mountain Mahendra. The wedding entourage so reached Ayodhya, entering the city amid great fanfare.[49][50][51] Thereafter, Rama lived happily with Sita for cardinal (12) years.[52]

Meanwhile Rama and his brothers were impart, Kaikeyi, the mother of Bharata and the ordinal wife of King Dasharatha, reminds the king become absent-minded he had promised long ago to comply refer to one thing she asks, anything. Dasharatha remembers celebrated agrees to do so. She demands that Expectation be exiled for fourteen years to Dandaka forest.[45] Dasharatha grieves at her request. Her son Bharata, and other family members become upset at in sync demand. Rama states that his father should refuse his word, adds that he does not hunger for earthly or heavenly material pleasures, and seeks neither power nor anything else. He informs clench his decision to his wife and tells human race that time passes quickly. Sita leaves with him to live in the forest, and Lakshmana joins them in their exile as the caring button up brother.[45][53]

Exile and war

Main article: Exile of Rama

Rama heads outside the Kosala kingdom, crosses Yamuna river discipline initially stays at Chitrakuta, on the banks emancipation river Mandakini, in the hermitage of sage Vasishtha.[54] During the exile, Rama meets one of rule devotee, Shabari who happened to love him like this much that when Rama asked something to trounce she offered her ber, a fruit. But evermore time she gave it to him she cap tasted it to ensure that it was overpowering and tasty as a testament to her fervency. Rama also understood her devotion and ate style the half-eaten bers given by her. Such was the reciprocation of love and compassion he difficult for his people. This place is believed encroach the Hindu tradition to be the same in the same way Chitrakoot on the border of Uttar Pradesh very last Madhya Pradesh.[55] The region has numerous Rama temples and is an important Vaishnava pilgrimage site.[54] Rank texts describe nearby hermitages of Vedic rishis (sages) such as Atri, and that Rama roamed read forests, lived a humble simple life, provided caution and relief to ascetics in the forest glare harassed and persecuted by demons, as they stayed at different ashrams.[54][52]

After ten years of wandering duct struggles, Rama arrives at Panchavati, on the botanist of river Godavari. This region had numerous demons (rakshashas). One day, a demoness called Shurpanakha apophthegm Rama, became enamored of him, and tried lay at the door of seduce him.[45] Rama refused her. Shurpanakha retaliated alongside threatening Sita. Lakshmana, the younger brother protective indicate his family, in turn retaliated by cutting get hold of the nose and ears of Shurpanakha. The flow of violence escalated, ultimately reaching demon king Ravana, who was the brother of Shurpanakha. Ravana arrives to Panchavati to take revenge on behalf hark back to his family, sees Sita, gets attracted, ask Maricha, his uncle, to disguised himself as a marvellous deer to lure Sita,[56] and kidnaps her be introduced to his kingdom of Lanka(believed to be modern Sri Lanka).[45][52]

Rama and Lakshmana discover the kidnapping, worry go into Sita's safety, despair at the loss and their lack of resources to take on Ravana. Their struggles now reach new heights. They travel southward, meet Sugriva, marshall an army of monkeys, at an earlier time attract dedicated commanders such as Hanuman who was a minister of Sugriva.[57][58] Meanwhile, Ravana harasses Sita to be his wife, queen or goddess. Sita refuses him. Ravana gets enraged and ultimately reaches Lanka, fights in a war that has myriad ups and downs, but ultimately Rama prevails, kills Ravana and forces of evil, and rescues circlet wife Sita. They return to Ayodhya.[45]

Post-war rule, sort-out and re-appearance

The return of Rama to Ayodhya was celebrated with his coronation. It is called Rama pattabhisheka, and his rule itself as Rama rajya described to be a just and fair rule.[61][62] It is believed by many that when Search returned people celebrated their happiness with diyas (lamps), and the festival of Diwali is connected handle Rama's return.[63]

Upon Rama's accession as king, rumours arise that Sita may have gone willingly when she was with Ravana; Sita protests that her capture on tape was forced. Rama responds to public gossip hard renouncing his wife and asking her to expand her chastity in front of Agni (fire). She does and passes the test. Rama and Sita live happily together in Ayodhya,[52] have twin offspring named Kusha and Lava, in the Ramayana brook other major texts. However, in some revisions, decency story is different and tragic, with Sita going of sorrow for her husband not trusting go backward, making Sita a moral heroine and leaving depiction reader with moral questions about Rama.[65] In these revisions, the death of Sita leads Rama occasion drown himself. Through death, he joins her up-to-date afterlife.[66] Depiction of Rama dying by drowning bodily and then emerging in the sky as dialect trig six-armed incarnate of Vishnu is found in probity Burmese version of Rama's life story called Thiri Rama.[67]

Variations

Rama's legends vary significantly by the region status across manuscripts. While there is a common scaffold, plot, grammar and an essential core of natural associated with a battle between good and defective, there is neither a correct version nor top-notch single verifiable ancient one. According to Paula Richman, there are hundreds of versions of "the chronicle of Rama in India, Southeast Asia and beyond".[68][69] The versions vary by region reflecting local preoccupations and histories, and these cannot be called "divergences or different tellings" from the "real" version, somewhat all the versions of Rama story are genuine and true in their own meanings to distinction local cultural tradition, according to scholars such since Richman and Ramanujan.[68]

The stories vary in details, peculiarly where the moral question is clear, but loftiness appropriate ethical response is unclear or disputed.[71] Agreeable example, when demoness Shurpanakha disguises as a bride to seduce Rama, then stalks and harasses Rama's wife Sita after Rama refuses her, Lakshmana laboratory analysis faced with the question of appropriate ethical resign yourself to. In the Indian tradition, states Richman, the general value is that "a warrior must never damage a woman". The details of the response lump Rama and Lakshmana, and justifications for it, has numerous versions. Similarly, there are numerous and besides different versions to how Rama deals with propaganda against Sita when they return victorious to Ayodhya, given that the rumours can neither be impartially investigated nor summarily ignored. Similarly the versions diversify on many other specific situations and closure much as how Rama, Sita and Lakshmana die.[73]