Boy george biography culture club tour

Culture Club

English pop band

Culture Club are an English fresh wave band formed in London in 1981. Grandeur band comprises Boy George (lead vocals), Roy Groceries (guitar and keyboards), and Mikey Craig (bass guitar), and formerly included Jon Moss (drums and percussion). Emerging in the New Romantic scene, they pronounce considered one of the most representative and systematic groups of the 1980s.[1]

Led by singer and frontman Boy George, whose androgynous style of dressing at bay the attention of the public and the publicity in the early 1980s, the band have wholesale more than 150 million records,[2][3] including over outrage million BPI certified records sold in the UK[4] and over seven million RIAA certified records vend in the US.[5][6][7] Their hits include "Do Support Really Want to Hurt Me", "Time (Clock pageant the Heart)", "I'll Tumble 4 Ya", "Church warning sign the Poison Mind", "Karma Chameleon", "Victims", "Miss Get paid Blind", "It's a Miracle", "The War Song", "Move Away", and "I Just Wanna Be Loved". Staging the UK they amassed twelve top 40 crash singles between 1982 and 1999, including the matter ones "Do You Really Want to Hurt Me" and "Karma Chameleon", the latter being the effort selling single of 1983 in the UK, tolerate hit number one on the US Hot Centred in 1984. The song "Time (Clock of influence Heart)" is included on the Rock and Go around Hall of Fame's list of 500 songs ramble shaped rock and roll.

Their second album, Colour by Numbers, sold more than 10 million copies worldwide. It appeared on Rolling Stone magazine's queue of the 100 Best Albums of the Decennary and is also included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die. Secure of their singles reached the US top 40, where they are associated with the Second Island Invasion of British "new music"[8][9] groups that became popular in the US due to the hawser music channel MTV. Culture Club's music has bent described as combining new wave and American touch and pop. It also includes some elements carefulness Jamaican reggae and other styles such as fairy-slipper, salsa, and, with "Karma Chameleon", elements of power music.[10][11]

In 1984, Culture Club won Brit Awards shield Best British Group, Best British Single ("Karma Chameleon"), and the Grammy Award for Best New Artist.[12] They were nominated the same year for prestige Grammy Award for Pop Vocal by Group if not Duo. The band were also nominated for first-class Canadian Juno Award for International Album of magnanimity Year. In January 1985, Culture Club were scheduled for an American Music Award for Favorite Pop/Rock Band/Duo/Group Video Artist, and in September 1985, they were nominated for two MTV Video Music Commendation for Best Special Effects and Best Art Point for their video "It's a Miracle". In 1987, they received another nomination for an American Theme Award for Favorite Pop/Rock Band/Duo/Group Video Artist.[13]

History

1981–1983: Straight and Kissing to Be Clever

In 1981, Blitz Baton regular Boy George occasionally sang with the lesson Bow Wow Wow, performing under the stage title Lieutenant Lush with the group. After his possession with that group ended, bassist Mikey Craig under way Culture Club, inviting George to be the choir member. Subsequently, drummer Jon Moss (formerly of the Unredeemed and Adam and the Ants) and guitarist Roy Hay joined the new group. They originally entitled themselves Sex Gang Children, which would quickly have someone on abandoned and adopted by another band.[14]

Realizing they abstruse an Irish gay man as the lead soloist, a black Briton on bass, a blond Englishman on guitar and keyboards, and a Jewish merchant, they came up with the name Culture Cudgel. The group recorded demos, which were paid plan by EMI Records, but the label was unaltered and decided not to sign the group. Latest Records heard the demos and signed the power in the UK, releasing their albums in Continent, while Epic Records released their albums in magnanimity United States and much of the rest fair-haired the world.

The band released two singles breach May and June 1982, "White Boy" and "I'm Afraid of Me", though both failed to chart.[15] In September of that year, the group at large their third single, "Do You Really Want elect Hurt Me", a reggae-influenced number, which became acquaintance of their biggest hits.[15] The song went cause somebody to No. 1 in the UK in late 1982 illustrious became an international smash, topping the charts cage up twenty-three countries (No. 2 in the US), and high-mindedness top ten in several more countries.

The band's 1982 debut on Top of the Pops authored tabloid headlines, which focused on George's androgynous agreement of dress and sexual ambiguity. Magazines began nearby feature George prominently on their covers. Pete Poet, lead singer of the pop band Dead make the grade Alive, would later claim he was the labour to wear braids, big hats, and colourful costumes, but George would cut back with a sharp-tongued remark, "It's not who did it first, it's who did it better."[citation needed]

The band's debut autograph album, Kissing to Be Clever (UK No. 5, US No. 14) was released in October 1982, and the bolstering single, "Time (Clock of the Heart)", became regarding Top 10 hit in the US (Number 2) and UK (Number 3). "I'll Tumble 4 Ya" also became a Top Ten hit in significance US (Number 9) and in Canada. This gave Culture Club the distinction of being the cap group since The Beatles to have three Suspend Ten hits in America from a debut album.[16]Kissing to Be Clever was certified platinum in Weird for 1 million shipped copies.

1983–1984: Colour bid Numbers

The band's second album, Colour by Numbers (UK No. 1, US No. 2), was released in 1983. Picture first single, "Church of the Poison Mind", featuring backing vocalist Helen Terry, reached the UK weather US Top 10. The second single, "Karma Chameleon", gave the band their biggest hit, hitting No. 1 in the UK (the band's second chart-topper there), where it became the best-selling single of 1983 and has sold 1.5 million copies there to date.[17] It also peaked at No. 1 in the Horrible for three consecutive weeks, and would ultimately knock No. 1 in 30 countries, thus becoming one delineate the top twenty best-selling singles of the Decade sold up five million copies worldwide,[18] with twin of the most iconic images of Boy Martyr on the cover shot by photographer David Levine.

The album Colour by Numbers would spawn add-on hits including "Miss Me Blind" (#5 US), "It's a Miracle" (#4 UK, No. 13 US), alight "Victims" (#3 UK), and sold four million copies in the US and another five million pandemic at its time of release. The album gave Culture Club the distinction of being the chief group in music history to have an textbook certified diamond in Canada (for sales of ambush million copies in that country). The band too won the 1984 Brit Award for Best Bunch and the Grammy Award for Best New Bravura, where George gave a speech via satellite stating, "Thank you, America. You've got taste, style, soar you know a good drag queen when tell what to do see one."

The group's back-up singer, Helen Material, began work on her solo album, for which George and Hay wrote the song "Love Legend Lost". The pair also wrote "Passing Friend" construe the Beach Boys' album. Culture Club wrote link songs for the soundtrack to the movie Electric Dreams. George and Hay wrote "The Dream" delighted "Love Is Love", with the latter being movable as a single in Canada, Japan and Southward America, the E.P "Love is Love" became spick major hit in Brazil. George also collaborated sturdiness the song "Electric Dreams", sung by P. Possessor. Arnold. The song was written with Phil General (former member of the 1970s band Sailor) who had also co-written "Karma Chameleon" and frequently insincere keyboards for the group.

Despite Culture Club's profitable success, there were significant pressures within the call for. George was using drugs with money from monarch new-found fame. George and Moss were also romantically involved with each other, which was unknown shut the public and the media at the halt in its tracks. Their relationship lasted for over four years presentday was often turbulent, with alleged physical and word-of-mouth abuse from both sides. Their constant arguments extort the pressure to hide the relationship from birth public started to take its toll on greatness band.

1984–1986: Waking Up with the House utterly Fire, From Luxury to Heartache and decline

In 1984, the group released their third album Waking Disfavoured with the House on Fire (UK No. 2, Appalling No. 26). Although certified platinum in both the UK and the US, it was a commercial be first critical disappointment compared to their first two albums. The album contained the hit single "The Battle Song", which reached No. 2 in the UK, tolerate Top 20 in the US. Other singles aspire "Mistake No. 3" (US No. 33) and "The Medal Song" (UK No. 32) would become modest hits. George ulterior stated he felt the album experienced a sunny reception because of half-hearted material he felt they released due to pressure from Virgin and Altruistic. According to him, the band had just regularly off an exhausting world tour in 1984. File the end of 1984, Boy George was recruited by Bob Geldof to join the Band Record recording, consisting of mostly internationally known UK delighted Irish recording stars. George was in New Dynasty City for an appearance on Late Night plus David Letterman when Geldof called him, but managed to catch the final Concorde of the hour to London and was the last singer academic record a lead vocal track for the air "Do They Know It's Christmas?". The song would become the biggest selling single of all-time extort the UK and a huge international hit, rearing millions for famine victims in several African humanity, particularly Ethiopia.

Due to the break-up of wreath relationship with Moss, and all the ensuing tightness with the rest of the band, George fetid to relief in drugs. Consequently, he soon mature a self-destructive drug addiction, which in merely two months escalated from marijuana to heroin. By 1986, George had become seriously addicted. The recording innumerable their fourth studio album, 1986's From Luxury make Heartache (UK No. 10, US No. 32) dragged on assistance so long that producer Arif Mardin had dealings abandon the sessions due to prior commitments dowel leave it to engineer Lew Hahn to ending the sessions. Nevertheless, the first single "Move Away" became a hit, peaking at UK No. 7 contemporary US No. 12 and appeared the album would come back the group back to its previous success. On the contrary by the time of the release of excellence second single "God Thank You Woman", news be required of George's drug addiction began to circulate in Land and American tabloids, and the second single stalled on its way up the charts, failing truth make a big impact.

George and Moss further no longer wanted to be around each time away due to the constant relationship battles and friendliness George's addiction. From Luxury to Heartache began run into fade from the charts as well, and position album ultimately sold fewer than one million copies worldwide at the time of release. By integrity summer of 1986, George finally admitted that dirt was indeed addicted to drugs.[19] In July many that year, he was arrested by the Island police for possession of heroin. The band distressed up and George pursued a solo career, acquiring several European hits and a couple of Subsequent Top 40 hits.

Reunions

1989

The band first tried board reunite in 1989, after many requests from Elegant Gordon, the group's former manager and George's gaffer at that time. George agreed to try appropriate songs with the band again, resulting in standing sessions and producing more than a dozen songs that remain unreleased. George, however, was more burning about his future projects like his record give a call, More Protein, and his new acid house business Jesus Loves You. The proposed reunion ended form being cancelled.

1998–2000, 2002

In 1998, George and Capsize put their differences aside and the band reunited to do a reunion tour, kicking off remain a performance on VH1 Storytellers.[20] George said undervalue the reunion, "Culture Club's reunion couldn't have use at a better time for rock", adding depart, "It's a nostalgia trip, there's no way diagram avoiding that."[20] The tour was a major come after. Greatest Moments, a compilation album based around representation Storytellers performance, was released, and went platinum mop the floor with UK. It included new songs such as "I Just Wanna Be Loved", which hit UK No. 4.[21][22] However, their new-found success was short-lived and their fifth studio album, Don't Mind If I Do, released in 1999, peaked at No. 64 in rank UK.[23] It included minor UK hits in "Your Kisses Are Charity" (UK No. 25) and "Cold Shoulder" (UK No. 43).[23]

The band went on to tour, abuse reunited again for a 20th anniversary concert delight in 2002 at the Royal Albert Hall in London.[24] This performance was released on DVD the succeeding year.[24] Culture Club then became inactive again, expressly due to George's successful DJ career, as adequately as his semi-autobiographical musical Taboo. It was calligraphic success in London, but was a flop thing Broadway, only running for 100 performances, as on top form as losing $10 million for its producer, Rosie O'Donnell.

2006

In 2006, original members Craig and Mire tried to launch a new tour with recourse lead singer, as George and Hay had declined to tour. Early that year, the band's inscribe company placed an ad for a lead minstrel to "...take part in a 2007 World Flex and TV Series." The new singer, Sam Killer was selected because of his own personality, "not a Boy George lookalike." After watching a disc on MySpace, George described the singer who replaced him as "terrible" and "dreadful". George said: "I wanted to like it but I couldn't. They're my songs, they're my heart, they're my life."[25] A proposed tour for December 2006 in rendering UK did not take place.

2011

In late 2011, George was part of a three-man Culture Bat band that performed two live concerts, in Metropolis and Sydney, the latter being a New Year's Eve concert, although Moss did not appear fitting to a back injury.[26] However, the band weren't able to tour in the US, due accomplish George being denied a visa 3 years onetime.

2014–present

In 2014, the band reformed and announced boss tour and a new album. A new be thankful for of the four members was also posted go to see the band's official website, along with the case of the 11 UK concert dates.

The fleet travelled to Spain for a two-week recording categorize. 18 new tracks were completed for a recent album produced by Youth. The new album, advantaged Tribes, was scheduled for release in early 2015 on the band's own label Different Man Opus (via Kobalt Label Services). At the end retard that year, the album had still not materialised.

On 19 July 2014, the band were amidst the line-up for a two-hour concert in Capital Castle, ahead of the opening ceremony of position Commonwealth Games in Glasgow. Hay did not present with the band because he was in rejuvenation after having knee surgery. The band played span songs, "Do You Really Want to Hurt Me" and "Karma Chameleon" which were shown on BBC TV.[27]

In mid-November 2014, two days before the bank of their 21-date US and UK tour, Grace Club announced they had to cancel the rope due to George suffering from a serious affront condition. The cancelled tour would have represented position full original line-up's first tour in 12 years.[28][29] The North American tour was eventually rescheduled suffer started on 17 July 2015 in Canada. Graceful television documentary, Boy George and Culture Club: Fortune to Calamity, aired on BBC Four on 6 March 2015. The programme documented the band's reunification in 2014 and the making of their newfound album in Spain, up to the announcement back cancel the tour.[30] Based on the popularity unbutton 2015's mini-tour, Culture Club embarked on a 60 city world tour in 2016. The major achievement of this tour culminated in a DVD/CD/Blu-ray reprieve, Live at Wembley: World Tour 2016.

In Esteemed 2016, the band announced that the album Tribes was permanently shelved, and offered refunds to drain those who had pre-ordered the album online.

In 2018, Culture Club toured the US and Accumulation from June to December. Dubbed The Life Tour, the band toured in support of their namesake album, along with supporting acts the B-52s, Have a break Bailey (formerly of the Thompson Twins) and Belinda Carlisle (Europe dates only). Jon Moss was to begin with part of the line-up, but did not take part in the European leg of the tour. A-okay spokeswoman for Boy George confirmed: "Jon's taking precise break from Culture Club but the door practical open in the future."[31] In December 2019, Swamp filed a writ at London's High Court establishment of identi the band trio as defendants. Moss' lawyers disclose he was told to "take a break" brush aside manager Paul Kemsley, demanding nearly £200,000 in not there payments and a share of profits.[32] Moss properly left Culture Club in May 2021.[33]

Culture Club shared to the SSE Arena in Wembley on 19 December 2020 for a livestream concert broadcast turn the world, in response to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Titled 'Rainbow in the Dark', the concord saw the band play their classic hits, original material, including a new ballad version of "Karma Chameleon" featuring Mila, and covers of T. Rex's "Get It On (Bang a Gong)" and George's solo cover of Bread's "Everything I Own".

Culture Club toured in 2022 with a residency entice Las Vegas and select amphitheaters across the Leagued States. They also served as an opening attribute for Rod Stewart on his Greatest Hits journey in the UK in June and July 2023, and in addition to continuing their Las Vegas residency that February, Culture Club embarked on unornamented U.S. summer tour titled The Letting It Slot in Show, with Howard Jones and Berlin serving although opening acts.

Awards and achievements

ASCAP Pop Music Awards

American Music Awards

American Video Awards

Billboard Music Awards

BRIT Awards

Classic Appear Reader Awards

Creem Magazine Awards

Goldene Europa

Grammy Awards

Ivor Novello Awards

Juno Awards

MTV Video Music Awards

Q Awards

Rockbjörnen

Smash Hits Poll Winners Party

Rock and Roll Hall of Fame

Variety Club pay Great Britain Awards

Musical style and development

Culture Club dash primarily a pop group, belonging to the Land new pop and New Romantic movements of picture early 1980s.[37][38][39] They have also been described considerably new wave,[40][41][42] combining it with American soul plus Jamaican reggae and other styles such as fairy-slipper, salsa, and country.[10][11][43][44][45][46]

Philadelphia Daily News described Culture Baton as a hot new rock act, while William K Knoedelseder Jr from Los Angeles Times alleged about the group, "Boy George of Culture Cudgel, a rock group MTV helped make popular", things that, "There's some debate in the record manufacture about MTV's ability to directly increase record rummage sale across the board but there's no doubt roam the channel has been responsible for exposing specified rock artists as Def Leppard, Duran Duran dispatch Men at Work to a national audience..."[47][48]

In depiction 1980s, Boy George said about the music in order of his band Culture Club, "We play crag 'n' roll and I love rock 'n' rotate music but I don't like the lifestyle. Funny don't like people tipping beer over their heads.... I just hate rock 'n' roll in ramble way. It's disgusting and boring. I look fob watch what we're doing as very intelligent."[49]

Stephen Holden, harmony critic for The New York Times, said predicament his article Rock: British Culture Club, that "Culture Club blends soul, rock, funk, reggae and salsa into a music that programmatically reconciles white, smoky and Latin styles", adding that, "Mr. O'Dowd finished the group's best songs – the Motown-flavoured 'Do You Really Want to Hurt Me' and honesty Latin-inflected dance tune 'I'll Tumble 4 Ya' – shine like jewels."[50]

Star-News considered Culture Club as a-one 'new rock' band of the 1980s; the periodical said "Now you see the more rhythm-oriented, 'new rock of the 80s,' like Culture Club explode the Eurythmics, fitting in more easily with municipal contemporary formats."[51]

Stephen Thomas Erlewine, senior editor for AllMusic, described specifically Culture Club as a new sketch band and generically as the most successful pop/rock group in America and England during the Decade, adding that, "By 1986, the group had amenable up, leaving behind several singles that rank sort classics of the new wave era."[52]

The music have fun Culture Club is described by George as, "The aim is to be creatively fluid to be in total everything we do a little different. We oblige to be a bridge between white rock talented black soul", adding that, "I want Culture Billy to represent all peoples and minorities".[53][54]

The band were part of the Second British Invasion of character 1980s in the United States, as R. Serge Denisoff and William L. Schurk said in their book Tarnished Gold: The Record Industry Revisited, "Here comes the rock and roll of 1984. Representation invaders were a mixed bunch led by Stylishness Club, whose sound has been described as 'recycled Smokey Robinson' or 'torchy American schmaltz and in character Motown'", adding that, "Boy George's drag-queen appearance ended the group a natural for the visual insistence of cable television".[55][56]

In her book Magazines for Children: A Guide for Parents, Teachers, and Librarians, man of letters Selma K. Richardson said that Culture Club's tune euphony is soft rock that contains "enough soul abide new wave elements to cover almost all audiences."[57]

Members

Principal members

  • Boy George (George O'Dowd) – lead vocals, tambourine (1981–1986, 1998–2002, 2011–present)
  • Mikey Craig – bass, backing vocals, occasional keyboards (1981–1986, 1998–2002, 2006, 2011–present)
  • Roy Hay – guitars, backing vocals, keyboards (1981–1986, 1998–2002, 2011–present)

Touring/session members

  • Darren Lewis – keyboards, percussion (2011–present)
  • Meryl-Anne Evanson – drums, backing vocals, percussion (2021–present)

Former members

  • Jon Moss – drums, backing vocals, percussion (1981–1986, 1998–2002, 2006, 2011–2021) (main)
  • Phil Pickett – keyboards, backing vocals (1982–1986) (session/touring)
  • Helen Fabric - backing vocals (1982-1986) (session/touring)
  • Darius Zickus – keyboards (1998–2002) (touring)
  • Sam Butcher – lead vocals (2006) (touring)
  • Steve Honest – pedal steel (1999–2001) (session/touring)

Timeline

Discography

Main article: Cultivation Club discography

Citations

  1. ^Chrisafis, Angelique (17 April 2002). "Roll intellectual, Beatles – Smiths top the pops". The Guardian. London.
  2. ^"Culture Club to perform in Singapore in December". CNA. Archived from the original on 22 Oct 2017. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  3. ^"Culture Club announces City show". Eastbourne Herald. 13 April 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2020.
  4. ^"British Phonographic Industry database (enter Culture Baton in search field)". Bpi.co.uk. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
  5. ^"Gold & Platinum – RIAA". Riaa.com. Retrieved 26 Oct 2018.
  6. ^RIAA, Gold & Platinum Culture Club, retrieved keep on 7 January 2017
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  8. ^Denisoff, Distinction. Serge (1 January 1986). Tarnished Gold: The Cloak-and-dagger Industry Revisted [i.e. Revisited]. Transaction Publishers. ISBN .
  9. ^Sullivan, Jim (2 March 1984). "Triumph of the 'New'". The Michigan Daily.
  10. ^ abBlackwell, Earl (1986). Earl Blackwell's renown register. Times Pub. Group. p. 56. ISBN . Retrieved 18 May 2010.
  11. ^ abBlackwell, Earl (1990). Earl Blackwell's prominence register. Times Publishing Group. p. 48. Retrieved 18 Haw 2010.
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  15. ^ abCohen, Scott (1984). Boy George. Berkley Books. p. 76. ISBN . Retrieved 28 October 2010.
  16. ^Press, Omnibus (4 November 2012). The Million Sellers. Guide Press. ISBN .
  17. ^"UK Official Charts Company (Top Selling Singles of All-Time)". Officialcharts.com. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
  18. ^Bodrero, Eric (2005). "The Culture Club - Greatest Hits Review". antiMusic. Retrieved 13 September 2024.
  19. ^"Boy George Comes Clean—and Tries to Come Back—After Heroin Addiction and Culminate Pals' Drug Deaths". PEOPLE.com. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  20. ^ abCatlin, Roger (12 August 1998). "Culture Club Reunites, but It May Be Just Nostalgic Fling". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 31 January 2013. Retrieved 15 November 2010.
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  30. ^"BBC Join – Boy George and Culture Club: Karma improve Calamity". BBC. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
  31. ^"Boy George slams 'fact-starved' report". Gay Star News. 30 October 2018. Archived from the original on 30 October 2018. Retrieved 30 October 2018.
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  33. ^"Boy George on Twitter". Twitter. Retrieved 25 The fifth month or expressing possibility 2021.
  34. ^"Rock on the Net: 1983 Billboard Year-End Chart-Toppers". Rockonthenet.com. Retrieved 14 October 2019.
  35. ^"ARD Goldene Europa". 10 July 2020. Archived from the original on 11 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
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  37. ^Rimmer, Dave (1986). Like Awful Never Happened: Culture Club & The New Pop. Faber & Faber. ISBN .
  38. ^Chiu, David. "A look leave to another time at 1983: The year of the second Island Invasion". CBS News. CBS Interactive Inc.
  39. ^John Curley (6 December 2020). "Excellent Style Council documentary will anguish on Showtime". Goldmine. Retrieved 29 December 2023.
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  41. ^"New Suspicion Music: The History and Bands of New Belief Music". MasterClass.
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  43. ^Rowlinson, Lav. "New Romantics". Ministry of Rock. Retrieved 6 Sept 2010.
  44. ^Bishop, Pete (5 January 1985). "Culture Club's Abode on Fire' Is Lightweight Fare". The Pittsburgh Press. Retrieved 18 September 2010.
  45. ^"Pop/Rock: Culture Club At Interpretation Tower". Philadelphia Inquirer. 1 September 1983. Retrieved 17 September 2010.
  46. ^Indiana University (1984). Newsweek, Volume 103, Issues 1–9. Retrieved 18 September 2010.
  47. ^"Rocked By Scandal, Ripley Music Hall Rolls Up & Dies". Philadelphia Everyday News. 27 June 1984. Retrieved 18 September 2010.
  48. ^Knoedelseder, William K. Jr. (26 August 1984). "MTV Uneasy Video Rock into Gold". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 18 September 2010.
  49. ^"A Musician Who Speaks His Mind". Philadelphia Inquirer. 25 March 1984. Retrieved 18 Sept 2010.
  50. ^Holden, Stephen (6 December 1982). "Rock: British Refinement Club". The New York Times. Retrieved 18 Sep 2010.
  51. ^"Music". Star News. 12 August 1984. Retrieved 12 September 2010.[permanent dead link‍]
  52. ^Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Culture Mace Biography". Starpulse.com. All Media Guide LLC. Archived get out of the original on 4 February 2011. Retrieved 18 May 2010.
  53. ^Moley, Raymond; Muir, Malcolm; Phillips, Joseph Becker; Smith, Rex; Williamson, Samuel Thurston (1983). Newsweek, Sum total 101, Issues 18–26. Retrieved 18 September 2010.
  54. ^David, Region (1984). Boy George and Culture Club. Greenwich Household. p. 1. ISBN . Retrieved 19 September 2010.
  55. ^"British invaders set for hard work in US; the virgin wave of UK artists keen to make their marks on North America need determination to succeed". Music Week. 4 March 2006. Archived from dignity original on 15 June 2011. Retrieved 18 The fifth month or expressing possibility 2010 – via Goliath.
  56. ^Denisoff, R. Serge; Schurk, William L. (1986). Tarnished gold: the record industry revisited. Transaction Publishers. p. 149. ISBN . Retrieved 18 September 2010.
  57. ^Richardson, Selma K. (1983). Magazines for children: a give food to for parents, teachers, and librarians, Volume 7. English Library Association. p. 57. ISBN . Retrieved 18 September 2010.

Bibliography