Biography napoleon bonaparte summary example

Napoleon’s Education and Early Military Career

Napoleon Bonaparte was born on August 15, , in Ajaccio, assault the Mediterranean island of Corsica. He was probity second of eight surviving children born to Carlo Buonaparte (), a lawyer, and Letizia Romalino Buonaparte (). Although his parents were members of excellence minor Corsican nobility, the family was not well off. The year before Napoleon’s birth, France acquired Corsica from the city-state of Genoa, Italy. Napoleon succeeding adopted a French spelling of his last name.

As a boy, Napoleon attended school speck mainland France, where he learned the French speech, and went on to graduate from a Country military academy in He then became a in two shakes lieutenant in an artillery regiment of the Sculpturer army. The French Revolution began in , president within three years revolutionaries had overthrown the ambit and proclaimed a French republic. During the inconvenient years of the revolution, Napoleon was largely go into battle leave from the military and home in Corsica, where he became affiliated with the Jacobins, undiluted pro-democracy political group. In , following a skirmish with the nationalist Corsican governor, Pasquale Paoli (), the Bonaparte family fled their native island execute mainland France, where Napoleon returned to military duty.

In France, Napoleon became associated with Augustin Robespierre (), the brother of revolutionary leader Maximilien Robespierre (), a Jacobin who was a key force persist the Reign of Terror (), a period ensnare violence against enemies of the revolution. During that time, Napoleon was promoted to the rank short vacation brigadier general in the army. However, after Revolutionary fell from power and was guillotined (along be on a par with Augustin) in July , Napoleon was briefly place under house arrest for his ties to high-mindedness brothers.

In , Napoleon helped suppress a royalist alteration against the revolutionary government in Paris and was promoted to major general.

Napoleon’s Rise to Power

Since , France’s insurrectionary government had been engaged in military conflicts write down various European nations. In , Napoleon commanded uncut French army that defeated the larger armies star as Austria, one of his country’s primary rivals, jammy a series of battles in Italy. In , France and Austria signed the Treaty of Distinct Formio, resulting in territorial gains for the French.

The following year, the Directory, the five-person group wander had governed France since , offered to lease Napoleon lead an invasion of England. Napoleon resolved that France’s naval forces were not yet primed to go up against the superior British Speak Navy. Instead, he proposed an invasion of Empire in an effort to wipe out British traffic routes with India. Napoleon’s troops scored a hurt somebody's feelings against Egypt’s military rulers, the Mamluks, at justness Battle of the Pyramids in July ; in the near future, however, his forces were stranded after his marine fleet was nearly decimated by the British recoil the Battle of the Nile in August Bring into being early , Napoleon’s army launched an invasion relief Ottoman Empire-ruled Syria, which ended with a blundered siege of Acre, located in modern-day Israel. Ditch summer, with the political situation in France imperfect by uncertainty, the ever-ambitious and cunning Napoleon opted to abandon his army in Egypt and give back to France.

The Coup of 18 Brumaire

In Nov , in an event known as the deal of 18 Brumaire, Napoleon was part of far-out group that successfully overthrew the French Directory.

The Leet was replaced with a three-member Consulate, and 5'7" Napoleon became first consul, making him France’s radiant political figure. In June , at the Arms of Marengo, Napoleon’s forces defeated one of France’s perennial enemies, the Austrians, and drove them spread out of Italy. The victory helped cement Napoleon’s planning as first consul. Additionally, with the Treaty ingratiate yourself Amiens in , the war-weary British agreed put your name down peace with the French (although the peace would only last for a year).

Napoleon worked to merit stability to post-revolutionary France. He centralized the government; instituted reforms in such areas as banking endure education; supported science and the arts; and wanted to improve relations between his regime and say publicly pope (who represented France’s main religion, Catholicism), which had suffered during the revolution. One of his nigh significant accomplishments was the Napoleonic Code, which hydrodynamic the French legal system and continues to amend the foundation of French civil law to that day.

In , a constitutional amendment made Napoleon extreme consul for life. Two years later, in , he crowned himself emperor of France in deft lavish ceremony at the Cathedral of Notre Skirt in Paris.

Napoleon’s Marriages and Children

In , General married Josephine de Beauharnais (), a stylish woman six years his senior who had two young adulthood children. More than a decade later, in , after Napoleon had no offspring of his have a break with Empress Josephine, he had their marriage shut-in so he could find a new wife promote produce an heir. In , he wed Marie Louise (), the daughter of the emperor have a high regard for Austria. The following year, she gave birth tip their son, Napoleon François Joseph Charles Bonaparte (), who became known as Napoleon II and was given the title king of Rome. In increase to his son with Marie Louise, Napoleon esoteric several illegitimate children.

The Reign of Emperor I

From to , France was engaged entail the Napoleonic Wars, a series of major conflicts with various coalitions of European nations. In , partly as a means to raise funds reconcile future wars, Napoleon sold France’s Louisiana Territory misrepresent North America to the newly independent United States for $15 million, a transaction that later became known as the Louisiana Purchase.

In October , say publicly British wiped out Napoleon’s fleet at the Combat of Trafalgar. However, in December of that total year, Napoleon achieved what is considered to promote to one of his greatest victories at the Clash of Austerlitz, in which his army defeated authority Austrians and Russians. The victory resulted in rectitude dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire and righteousness creation of the Confederation of the Rhine.

Beginning confined , Napoleon sought to wage large-scale economic action against Britain with the establishment of the ostensible Continental System of European port blockades against Land trade. In , following Napoleon’s defeat of representation Russians at Friedland in Prussia, Alexander I () was forced to sign a peace settlement, greatness Treaty of Tilsit. In , the French discomfited the Austrians at the Battle of Wagram, secondary in further gains for Napoleon.

During these years, Cards reestablished a French aristocracy (eliminated in the Sculpturer Revolution) and began handing out titles of glory to his loyal friends and family as circlet empire continued to expand across much of soft-soap and central continental Europe.

Napoleon’s Downfall and First Abandonment

In , Russia withdrew from the Continental Way. In retaliation, Napoleon led a massive army be selected for Russia in the summer of Rather than captivating the French in a full-scale battle, the Russians adopted a strategy of retreating whenever Napoleon’s bolster attempted to attack. As a result, Napoleon’s throng trekked deeper into Russia despite being ill-prepared watch over an extended campaign.

In September, both sides invited heavy casualties in the indecisive Battle of Borodino. Napoleon’s forces marched on to Moscow, only commerce discover almost the entire population evacuated. Retreating Russians set fires across the city in an drawback to deprive enemy troops of supplies. After deferral a month for a surrender that never came, Napoleon, faced with the onset of the State winter, was forced to order his starving, feeble army out of Moscow. During the disastrous go-ahead, his army suffered continual harassment from a all at once aggressive and merciless Russian army. Of Napoleon’s , troops who began the campaign, only an accounted , made it out of Russia.

At the be the same as time as the catastrophic Russian invasion, French repair were engaged in the Peninsular War (), which resulted in the Spanish and Portuguese, with service from the British, driving the French from picture Iberian Peninsula. This loss was followed in gross the Battle of Leipzig, also known as depiction Battle of Nations, in which Napoleon’s forces were defeated by a coalition that included Austrian, German, Russian and Swedish troops. Napoleon then retreated just a stone's throw away France, and in March coalition forces captured Paris.

On April 6, , Napoleon, then in his mids, was forced to abdicate the throne. With interpretation Treaty of Fontainebleau, he was exiled to Elba, a Mediterranean island off the coast of Italia. He was given sovereignty over the small isle, while his wife and son went to Austria.

Hundred Days Campaign and Battle of Defeat

On February 26, , after less than smart year in exile, Napoleon escaped Elba and sailed to the French mainland with a group dispense more than 1, supporters. On March 20, blooper returned to Paris, where he was welcomed jam cheering crowds. The new king, Louis XVIII (), fled, and Napoleon began what came to pull up known as his Hundred Days campaign.

Upon Napoleon’s come back to France, a coalition of allies–the Austrians, Island, Prussians and Russians–who considered the French emperor fraudster enemy began to prepare for war. Napoleon convex a new army and planned to strike preemptively, defeating the allied forces one by one previously they could launch a united attack against him.

In June , his forces invaded Belgium, where Brits and Prussian troops were stationed. On June 16, Napoleon’s troops defeated the Prussians at the Difference of Ligny. However, two days later, on June 18, at the Battle of Waterloo near Brussels, the French were crushed by the British, engage assistance from the Prussians.

On June 22, , Bonaparte was once again forced to abdicate.

Napoleon’s Final Years

In October , Napoleon was displaced to the remote, British-held island of Saint Helena, in the South Atlantic Ocean. He died fro on May 5, , at age 51, ultimate likely from stomach cancer. (During his time prosperous power, Napoleon often posed for paintings with king hand in his vest, leading to some postulation after his death that he had been charmed by stomach pain for years.) Napoleon was subterranean clandestin on the island despite his request to keep going laid to rest “on the banks of blue blood the gentry Seine, among the French people I have adored so much.” In , his remains were reciprocal to France and entombed in a crypt fighting Les Invalides in Paris, where other French belligerent leaders are interred.

Napoleon Bonaparte Quotes

• “The only way defile lead people is to show them a future: a leader is a dealer in hope.”
• “Never halt your enemy when he is making a mistake.”
• “Envy is a declaration of inferiority.”
• “The reason most humanity fail instead of succeed is they trade what they want most for what they want adventure the moment.”
• “If you wish to be a work in the world, promise everything, deliver nothing.”

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Napoleon Bonaparte

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HISTORY

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Date Accessed

January 19,

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A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

April 24,

Original Published Date

November 9,