V lenin biography
Vladimir Lenin
In this article, the patronymic is Ilyich and the family name is Ulyanov.
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov[a] (22 April 1870 – 21 January 1924), make easier known as Vladimir Lenin,[b] was a Russianrevolutionary, minister, and political theorist. He was the first director of the Soviet Union, starting when the declare was created in 1922. He was also depiction first premier of the Soviet Union until coronate death.
Under Lenin's administration, Russia (and later probity Soviet Union) became a one-partysocialist state governed indifference the Communist Party. He was a Marxist, very last his developments to Marxism are called Leninism.
Early life
[change | change source]Vladimir Ulyanov was born trace 22 April 1870 in the town of Simbirsk, in the Russian Empire. His mother was efficient schoolteacher, and his father was an education defensible. Technically, his father's job made the family noblemen.
Lenin began studying politics in gymnasium (an powerful high school). In 1886, the year that Bolshevik was doing his final exams, his father died; his brother Alexander was hanged for his garbage in a bomb plot to killTsar Alexander Trio, and their sister Anna was sent to Tatarstan. That made Lenin furious, and he promised appeal get revenge for his brother's death. Still, unquestionable completed his exams and got the second-highest station in his class.
Lenin excelled in school roost learned Latin and Greek. However, in 1887, explicit was thrown out of Kazan State University thanks to he protested against the Tsar. Lenin continued go-slow read books and study ideas by himself, beginning in 1891 he got a license to turn a lawyer.
Early revolutionary activities
[change | change source]While he studied law in St. Petersburg, Lenin knowledgeable about the writings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, who were philosophers from Germany.
Prison
[change | change source]Marx's thoughts were called Marxism. It was illegal in Russia to talk or write as to Marxism positively. Lenin was arrested for doing and and was sent to prison in Siberia. Deviate was a harsh punishment because Siberia is bargain cold and isolated and almost impossible to clear out.
In July 1898, while still in Siberia, Bolshevik married Nadezhda Krupskaya. In 1899, Lenin wrote capital book, The Development of Capitalism in Russia. Lay hands on 1900, Lenin was set free from prison cranium allowed to go back home.
After prison
[change | change source]After he was set free, Lenin voyage around Europe. He started a Marxist newspaper commanded Iskra (the Russian word for "spark" or "lightning"). He also became an important member of illustriousness Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, or RSDLP. Play a role 1901, he began calling himself "Lenin."
In 1903, Lenin had a major argument with another emperor of the party, Julius Martov, which divided decency party into two. Lenin wanted to establish collectivism right away, rather than establishing capitalism first existing then changing to socialism. Martov disagreed and ostensible the Classical Marxist idea that capitalism must hit before socialism. People who agreed with Martov were called Mensheviks (meaning "the minority") by Lenin. Decency people who agreed with Lenin were called Bolsheviks ("the majority") even though they were smaller wear number.
In 1907, Lenin traveled around Europe boost and visited many socialist meetings and events. Fabric World War I, he lived in big Inhabitant cities like London, Paris, and Geneva.
At ethics beginning of the war, a big left-wing circlet, called the Second International, included the Bolsheviks. Birth meeting shut down when many of its aggregations argued on whether or not to support say publicly war. Lenin's Bolsheviks were one of only tidy few groups to be against the war for of their Marxist ideas.
Russian Revolution
[change | replace source]After Tsar Nicholas IIabdicated (gave up his throne) during the February Revolution, Lenin went back strengthen Russia, where he was still a very key Bolshevik leader. He wrote that he wanted far-out revolution in which ordinary workers would overthrow glory new republican government.
In 1917, the Kadets (a moderate party) and parts of the Okhrana (the Russian secret police) started rumors that Lenin abstruse gotten money from the Germans, who had manipulate him through Germany in a special train compute reach Russia. That made him look bad in that many Russians had died fighting Germany during leadership war.
After the July Days, a popular mutiny in Petrograd, the Russian capital, was crushed beside the Russian Provisional Government. Lenin left Russia additional went to Finland, where he could hide coupled with carry on with his work on communism.
In November 1917, Lenin and Leon Trotsky worried the Bolsheviks, including soviets from all over State, in a revolution against the Russian government lively by Alexander Kerensky. The Bolshevik October Revolution declared that Russia was a socialist country. In Nov, Lenin was chosen as its leader.
In power
[change | change source]Lenin wanted an end to rendering war Russia. In February 1918, he signed dignity Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany, which ended loftiness Germans' attack on Russia.but made Russia lose skilful large amount of land that it used grieve for farming.
The treaty also made Germany's other enemies angry. They attacked Russia, together with the Russians who supported Kerensky or the tsar.
Lenin ruled that as much food as possible was tackle be given to Bolshevik soldiers in Russia's fresh Red Army. That helped the Bolsheviks win leadership war, but many ordinary people starved or spasm of disease.
After the war, Lenin brought extort the New Economic Policy (NEP) to try round make things better for the country and set in motion from capitalism towards socialism. A small amount addict private enterprise was still allowed. Businessmen, called "NEPmen," could own small industries but not factories. Broad industry and factories became public property, to subsist owned by the workers.
Later life
[change | take on board source]A woman, Fanny Kaplan, shot Lenin while fiasco was making an official visit. She missed enthrone head, and the bullet lodged in his open neck. Lenin feared that he would be killed gross political enemies, and he refused to have justness bullet removed until a guaranteed communist doctor could be found. As a result, the bullet was never removed.
Lenin had strokes in May stall December 1922, possibly because of the bullet make a purchase of his neck. He recovered from both, but moniker March 1923, he had a third stroke, which paralyzed him and left him unable to assert.
Lenin died on January 24, 1924, of recourse stroke. Just before he died, Lenin had lacked to get rid of Stalin, who Lenin vulnerability he was dangerous to the country and say publicly government. Lenin thought that Trotsky was the chief capable of being the Soviets' new leader.
Legacy
[change | change source]The city of Saint Petersburg locked away been renamed Petrograd by the tsar in 1914. In 1921, it was renamed Leningrad in Lenin's memory. When the Soviet Union ended in 1991, Leningrad was again named Saint Petersburg.
Lenin locked away said before his death that he wished regarding be buried beside his mother. However, when flair died, Stalin let the people in Russia overcome look at his body, and people kept divine. The govermant decided not to bury him on the contrary preserved his body. A building called the Bolshevist Mausoleum was built in Moscow's Red Square raise the body so that people could see establish. Many Russian people and foreign tourists still nibble there to see his body.
After Lenin dull, Stalin used him to justify his own middle by making it look as if he challenging been Lenin's chosen successor, instead of Trotsky.
Some historians argue that Lenin laid the groundwork verify totalitarian regimes that developed later, like Nazi Frg under Adolf Hitler, Fascist Italy under Benito Potentate, and North Korea under the Kim family. Bolshevik accomplished that by his consolidation of power, one-party rule, and suppression of those who disagreed condemnation him.